-
1 increased imports
Общая лексика: возросший импорт -
2 возросший импорт
General subject: increased imports -
3 Import
m; -(e)s, -e; WIRTS.1. nur Sg. import(ing)2. konkret: import; der Wert der Importe ist im letzten Jahr gesunken the value of imports fell over the previous year; siehe auch Einfuhr* * *der Importimport; importation* * *Im|pọrt [ɪm'pɔrt]m -(e)s, -e1) (= Handel) importder Import sollte den Export nicht übersteigen — imports should not exceed exports
der Import von Obst und Gemüse ist gestiegen — the import or importation of fruit and vegetables has increased, fruit and vegetable imports have increased
2) (= Importware) importder Salat ist holländischer Import — the lettuce was imported from Holland
* * *der1) importation2) (something which is imported from abroad: Our imports are greater than our exports.) import* * *Im·port<-[e]s, -e>[ɪmˈpɔrt]mder \Import von Rohstoffen raw material imports2. (Importware) importzollpflichtige \Importe dutiable imports3. INFORM\Import von Daten data import* * *der; Import[e]s, Importe importeine Firma für Import und Export — an import/export firm
* * *2. konkret: import;der Wert der Importe ist im letzten Jahr gesunken the value of imports fell over the previous year; → auch Einfuhr* * *der; Import[e]s, Importe importeine Firma für Import und Export — an import/export firm
* * *-e m.importation n. -
4 Einfuhrerklärung
Einfuhrerklärung f 1. BANK bill of entry, B/E; 2. IMP/EXP clearance inwards, bill of entry, B/E* * ** * *Einfuhrerklärung
bill of entry (Br.), entry (declaration, Br.) inwards, import declaration (US);
• Einfuhrerlaubnis, Einfuhrgenehmigung import licence (permit, certificate, facilities);
• Einfuhrerleichterungen, Einfuhrfreigabe import facilities;
• Einfuhrerleichterungspolitik policy of easing imports;
• Einfuhrfinanzierung financing of imports;
• Einfuhrfinanzierungskredit advance to finance imports;
• Einfuhrfirma import house, importer;
• Einfuhrflut import tide;
• Einfuhrgenehmigung import authorization;
• Einfuhrgeschäft import transaction;
• Einfuhrgeschäfte import trade;
• Einfuhrgüter imported goods, imports;
• Einfuhrhafen port of entry, import (inward) port;
• Einfuhrhandel import (passive, inward) trade;
• Einfuhrhändler importer, import merchant (dealer);
• Einfuhrhindernis import bar;
• Einfuhrhinterlegungssumme import deposit (Br.);
• Einfuhrkommissionär import commission agent, importer;
• Einfuhrkonnossement inward bill of lading;
• Einfuhrkontingent import quota;
• Einfuhrkontingente für Weine (EU) wine import quotas;
• Einfuhrkontingente festsetzen (verteilen) to fix quotas for import;
• Einfuhrkontingentierung fixing of import quotas;
• Einfuhrkontrolle import control;
• Einfuhrkredit advance for imports, import (domestic, US) credit;
• Einfuhrkurve trend in imports;
• Einfuhrland country of importation (purchase), importing country;
• Einfuhrliberalisierung decontrol of imports;
• Einfuhrliste list of arrivals;
• unbeschränkte Einfuhrlizenz open general licence (Br.);
• größere Einfuhrmengen hereinlassen to open the door to more imports;
• Einfuhrmonopol import monopoly;
• lebhafte Einfuhrnachfrage rush of imports;
• Einfuhrplafond import ceiling;
• Einfuhrprämie bounty on importation;
• Einfuhrpreis import price;
• Einfuhrpreisindex price index of imports;
• Einfuhrquote import quota;
• überhöhte Einfuhrrechnungen ausstellen to overinvoice imports;
• Einfuhrregelung import arrangement;
• einheitliche Einfuhr- und Ausfuhrregelungen unified import and export rules;
• Einfuhrrückgang turndown (decrease, fall-off) in imports, import reduction;
• rasanter Einfuhrrückgang import slump;
• Einfuhrschein bill of entry;
• inflatorisch bedingter Einfuhrsog inflation-induced pull of imports;
• Einfuhrsonderzoll surcharge on imports;
• Einfuhrsperre embargo on imports;
• Einfuhrstatistik import statistics;
• Einfuhrsteigerung increased (increases in) imports;
• Einfuhr- und Vorratsstelle für landwirtschaftliche Erzeugnisse intervention board for agricultural produce;
• Einfuhrsteuer import excise tax (US);
• Einfuhrstopp embargo on (cessation of) imports;
• Einfuhrüberschuss import surplus, excess of imports over exports;
• Einfuhrunbedenklichkeitsbescheinigung import certificate. -
5 Importindustrie
Importindustrie
importing industry;
• Importkaufmann import merchant, importer;
• Importkommissionär import commission agent;
• Importkonnossement inward bill of lading;
• Importkontingent import quota;
• Importkontingente festsetzen to apportion quotas on import;
• Importkontrolle control of imports, import control;
• Importkredit credit for imports, import (domestic, US) credit;
• Importkreditbrief import letter of credit;
• Importkürzungen import cuts;
• Importland importing country;
• Importliberalisierung decontrol of imports;
• Importliste import list;
• Importlizenz import licence (permit);
• Importmonopol import monopoly;
• Importprämie bounty on importation;
• Import-preis import price;
• Importquote import quota (rate);
• Importregelung import arrangement;
• Importrisiken ausgeliefert sein to be vulnerable to import risks;
• Importrohstoffe imported raw materials;
• Importrückgang decline (fall-off, turn-down) in imports, import reduction;
• Importschutzzölle protective tariff on imports;
• Importsicherungsprogramm program(me) of anticipating imports;
• inflationsbedingter (inflatorisch bedingter) Importsog inflation-induced pull of imports;
• Importsonderzoll surcharge on imports;
• Importsperre embargo on imports;
• Importsteigerung increased (increase in) imports;
• Importsteuer import excise tax (US);
• Importstopp cessation of (embargo on) imports;
• Importsubvention import subsidy;
• Importsubventionierung import subsidization;
• Importüberschuss import surplus;
• Importüberwachung import monitoring;
• Importverbot import prohibition (ban), embargo;
• Importverlagerung shift of imports;
• Importvertreter import agent;
• Importvolumen volume of imports;
• Importware articles of import, importation, imported stocks (goods), imports;
• Importwaren einführen to handle imported goods;
• Importware zwecks Zollfestsetzung klassifizieren to impost imports (US);
• Importzahlen import figures;
• Importzoll duty on importation, import duty;
• Importzwischenhändler merchant shipper. -
6 Ausfuhr
Ausfuhr f (Ausf.) IMP/EXP, WIWI exportation, exporting, export, exp.* * *f (Ausf.) <Imp/Exp, Vw> exportation, exporting, export (exp.)* * *Ausfuhr
export [trade], exportation;
• für die Ausfuhr bestimmt earmarked for exportation;
• zur Ausfuhr geeignet exportable;
• gesteigerte Ausfuhren increased exports;
• sichtbare Ausfuhr visible trade (exports);
• staatlich subventionierte Ausfuhren bounty-fed exports;
• unsichtbare Ausfuhr invisible exports, indirect exporting;
• vorübergehende Ausfuhr temporary export;
• zusätzliche Ausfuhr additional export;
• Ein- und Ausfuhr imports and exports;
• Ausfuhr auf dem Luftwege airborne exports;
• Ausfuhr in Rezessionszeiten export of recession;
• Ausfuhr auf dem Seewege sea-borne exports;
• Ausfuhr lebender Tiere export of live animals;
• Ausfuhr im Zollvormerkverfahren temporary export;
• Ausfuhr erhöhen to increase (step up) exports;
• Ausfuhr fördern to subsidize export trade;
• Ausfuhr kontingentieren to fix export quotas;
• für die Ausfuhr bestimmt sein to go for export;
• Ausfuhr steigern to raise exports;
• Ausfuhrabfertigung export clearance;
• Ausfuhrabgabe export duty (levy, tax), duty (levy) on exports;
• Ausfuhrabsprache (Kartellgesetz) export agreement;
• Ausfuhrabteilung export department;
• Ausfuhragent export broker;
• Ausfuhrangebot export tender;
• Ausfuhrankurbelung boosting of exports;
• Ausfuhranreiz export incentive;
• plötzlicher Ausfuhranstieg jump in exports;
• Ausfuhranstrengungen export efforts;
• Ausfuhranteil export ratio;
• Ausfuhrantrag application for export;
• Ausfuhrartikel article of exportation, export article, (pl.) exports, export goods;
• industrielle Ausfuhrartikel manufactured exports;
• Ausfuhrauftrag export order;
• Ausfuhrausgangskontingent initial export quota;
• Ausfuhrausweitung export expansion;
• Einfuhr- und Ausfuhrbank Export-Import Bank of Washington;
• Ausfuhrbedingungen export regulations;
• Ausfuhrbedürfnisse export demands (requirements);
• Ausfuhrbeihilfe export bonus;
• Ausfuhrbelebung upturn in exports;
• Ausfuhrbescheinigung certificate of clearance outwards;
• Ausfuhrbeschränkungen restrictions (curb) on export, export restrictions;
• Ausfuhrbestimmungen export regulations;
• Ausfuhrbewilligung export licence (license, US, permit), transire (Br.). -
7 Einfuhrsteigerung
Einfuhrsteigerung
increased (increases in) imports -
8 Importsteigerung
Importsteigerung
increased (increase in) imports -
9 export
1. ek'spo:t verb(to send (goods) to another country for sale: Jamaica exports bananas to Britain.) eksportere, utføre2. 'ekspo:t noun1) (the act or business of exporting: the export of rubber.) eksport, utførsel2) (something which is exported: Paper is an important Swedish export.) eksportartikkel•- exportereksport--------eksportere--------utførselIsubst. \/ˈekspɔːt\/1) eksportvare, eksportartikkel2) eksport, utførsel3) ( EDB) eksportexports eksport(en) eksportartiklerIIverb \/ekˈspɔːt\/, \/ɪkˈspɔːt\/, \/ˈekspɔːt\/eksportere, ta ut (av landet), sende ut -
10 ♦ goods
♦ goods /gʊdz/n. pl.1 (econ.) beni: capital goods, beni capitali (o strumentali); consumer goods, beni di consumo; goods and services, beni e servizi; worldly goods, beni terreni; beni materiali2 (econ., comm.) prodotti: Imports of goods for private consumption have increased, le importazioni di prodotti destinati al consumo privato sono aumentate3 (market.) merci, merce; articoli; generi: to deliver the goods, consegnare la merce; household goods, (articoli) casalinghi; The damaged goods will be sent back to the seller, la merce deteriorata sarà restituita al venditore; goods lying in customs, merci in dogana (o da sdoganare); goods in bond, merce in deposito franco (o schiava di dazio); leather goods, articoli in cuoio; pelletteria; frozen goods, (generi) surgelati; perishable goods, merci deperibili; defective goods, merci difettose NOTA D'USO: - good o goods?-5 (trasp., spec. ingl.) merce, merci (cfr. USA freight): goods traffic, movimento merci; (ferr.) goods yard, scalo merci; goods rates, tariffe per il trasporto delle merci6 (fam.) – the goods, quello che si deve (o che si è promesso) di fare: to deliver the goods, mantenere la parola; essere di parola; stare ai patti9 ( slang USA) – the goods, (tutte) le prove: The police had the goods on the thief before he was brought to trial, la polizia aveva già le prove in mano prima che il ladro fosse processato● (rag.) goods account, conto merci □ (leg.) goods and chattels, beni mobili □ (fisc., in Canada e NZ) goods and services tax, imposta sul valore aggiunto (abbr. IVA) □ goods entrance, ingresso merci □ (comm. est.) goods for temporary admission, merce in transito □ goods for the house, articoli per la casa □ (ind.) goods in process, (prodotti) semilavorati □ goods in stock, merce in magazzino □ (trasp.) goods in transit, merce in transito □ goods lift, montacarichi □ goods on sale or return, merci in conto deposito; ( clausola) vendita con riserva di gradimento □ (leg.) goods privileged from execution, merci impignorabili □ (ferr.) goods train, treno merci □ (ferr.) goods wagon, carro merci □ (trasp., ferr.) by goods train, a piccola velocità. -
11 Trente-cinq heures, les
(see also RTT) In the year 2000, the socialist government of Lionel Jospin reduced the statutory working week in France from 39 hours to 35 hours - without loss of salary. Though the measure was accompanied by other changes in workplace legislation, including greater flexibility for employers and employees, and though the productivity of labour in France increased by over 4% as a result, the introduction of the 35-hour working week was not a good move for the French economy, particularly at a time of increasing globalization, and the rapid development of imports manufactured in low-labour-cost countries. The conservative Raffarin andVillepin governments tinkered with reform of the system that was much decried by employers, but failed to take any major action for fear of the trade unions and of hostile public reaction. It was not until the Sarkozy presidency that the official 35-hour working week legislation was to all intents and purposes rendered obsolete.Dictionnaire Français-Anglais. Agriculture Biologique > Trente-cinq heures, les
-
12 Media
The purpose of the media during the Estado Novo (1926-74) was to communicate official government policy. Therefore, the government strictly censored newspapers, magazines, and books. Radio and television broadcasting was in the hands of two state-owned companies: Radiodifusão Portuguesa (RDP) and Radiotelevisão Portuguesa (RTP). The first TV broadcasts aired in March 1957, and the official state visit of Queen Elizabeth II of Great Britain to Portugal was featured. The only independent broadcasting company during the Estado Novo was the Catholic Church's Radio Renascença. Writers and journalists who violated the regime's guidelines were severely sanctioned. Under Prime Minister Marcello Caetano, censorship was relaxed somewhat, and writers were allowed to publish critical and controversial works without fear of punishment. Caetano attempted to "speak to the people" through television. Daily program content consisted of little more than government-controlled (and censored) news programs and dull documentaries.After the Revolution of 25 April 1974, censorship was abolished. As the revolution veered leftward, some sectors of the media were seized by opponents of the views they expressed. The most famous case was the seizure of Radio Renascença by those who sought to bring it into line with the drift leftward. State ownership of the media was increased after 25 April 1974, when banks were nationalized because most banks owned at least one newspaper. As the Revolution moderated and as banking was privatized during the 1980s and 1990s, newspapers were also privatized.The history of two major Lisbon dailies illustrates recent cycles of Portuguese politics and pressures. O Século, a major Lisbon daily paper was founded in 1881 and was influenced by Republican, even Masonic ideas. When the first Republic began in 1910, the editorials of O Século defended the new system, but the economic and social turmoil disillusioned the paper's directors. In 1924, O Século, under publisher João Pereira da Rosa, called for political reform and opposed the Democratic Party, which monopolized elections and power in the Republic. This paper was one of the two most important daily papers, and it backed the military coup of 28 May 1926 and the emergent military dictatorship. Over the history of the Estado Novo, this paper remained somewhat to the left of the other major daily paper in Lisbon, Diário de Notícias, but in 1972 the paper suffered a severe financial crisis and was bought by a Lisbon banker. During the more chaotic times after the Revolution of 25 April 1974, O Século experienced its own time of turmoil, in which there was a split between workers and editors, firings, resignations, and financial trouble. After a series of financial problems and controversy over procommunist staff, the paper was suspended and then ceased publication in February 1977. In the 1990s, there was a brief but unsuccessful attempt to revive O Século.Today, the daily paper with the largest circulation is Diário de Notícias of Lisbon, which was established in 1883. It became the major daily paper of record, but after the Revolution of 25 April 1974, like O Século, the paper suffered difficulties, both political and financial. One of its editors in the "hot" summer of 1975 was José Saramago, future Nobel Prize winner in literature, and there was an internal battle in the editorial rooms between factions. The paper was, like O Século, nationalized in 1976, but in 1991, Diário de Notícias was reprivatized and today it continues to be the daily paper of record, leading daily circulation.Currently, about 20 daily newspapers are published in Portugal, in Lisbon, the capital, as well as in the principal cities of Oporto, Coimbra, and Évora. The major Lisbon newspapers are Diário de Notícias (daily and newspaper of record), Publico (daily), Correia da Manha (daily), Jornal de Noticias (daily), Expresso (weekly), The Portugal News (English language weekly), The Resident (English language weekly), and Get Real Weekly (English language).These papers range from the excellent, such as Público and the Diário de Notícias, to the sensationalistic, such as Correio da Manhã. Portugal's premier weekly newspaper is Expresso, founded by Francisco Balsemão during the last years of Marcello Caetano's governance, whose modern format, spirit, and muted criticism of the regime helped prepare public opinion for regime change in 1974. Another weekly is O Independente, founded in 1988, which specializes in political satire. In addition to these newspapers, Portugal has a large number of newspapers and magazines published for a specific readership: sports fans, gardeners, farmers, boating enthusiasts, etc. In addition to the two state-owned TV channels, Portugal has two independent channels, one of which is operated by the Catholic Church. TV programming is now diverse and sophisticated, with a great variety of programs of both domestic and foreign content. The most popular TV programs have been soap operas and serialized novels ( telenovelas) imported from Brazil. In the 1990s, Portugal attempted to produce its own telenovelas and soap operas, but these have not been as popular as the more exotic Brazilian imports. -
13 Port Wine
Portugal's most famous wine and leading export takes its name from the city of Oporto or porto, which means "port" or "harbor" in Portuguese. Sometimes described as "the Englishman's wine," port is only one of the many wines produced in continental Portugal and the Atlantic islands. Another noted dessert wine is Madeira wine, which is produced on the island of Madeira. Port wine's history is about as long as that of Madeira wine, but the wine's development is recent compared to that of older table wines and the wines Greeks and Romans enjoyed in ancient Lusitania. During the Roman occupation of the land (ca. 210 BCE-300 CE), wine was being made from vines cultivated in the upper Douro River valley. Favorable climate and soils (schist with granite outcropping) and convenient transportation (on ships down the Douro River to Oporto) were factors that combined with increased wine production in the late 17th century to assist in the birth of port wine as a new product. Earlier names for port wine ( vinho do porto) were descriptive of location ("Wine of the Douro Bank") and how it was transported ("Wine of [Ship] Embarkation").Port wine, a sweet, fortified (with brandy) aperitif or dessert wine that was designed as a valuable export product for the English market, was developed first in the 1670s by a unique combination of circumstances and the action of interested parties. Several substantial English merchants who visited Oporto "discovered" that a local Douro wine was much improved when brandy ( aguardente) was added. Fortification prevented the wine from spoiling in a variety of temperatures and on the arduous sea voyages from Oporto to Great Britain. Soon port wine became a major industry of the Douro region; it involved an uneasy alliance between the English merchant-shippers at Oporto and Vila Nova de Gaia, the town across the river from Oporto, where the wine was stored and aged, and the Portuguese wine growers.In the 18th century, port wine became a significant element of Britain's foreign imports and of the country's establishment tastes in beverages. Port wine drinking became a hallowed tradition in Britain's elite Oxford and Cambridge Universities' colleges, which all kept port wine cellars. For Portugal, the port wine market in Britain, and later in France, Belgium, and other European countries, became a vital element in the national economy. Trade in port wine and British woolens became the key elements in the 1703 Methuen Treaty between England and Portugal.To lessen Portugal's growing economic dependence on Britain, regulate the production and export of the precious sweet wine, and protect the public from poor quality, the Marquis of Pombal instituted various measures for the industry. In 1756, Pombal established the General Company of Viticulture of the Upper Douro to carry out these measures. That same year, he ordered the creation of the first demarcated wine-producing region in the world, the port-wine producing Douro region. Other wine-producing countries later followed this Portuguese initiative and created demarcated wine regions to protect the quality of wine produced and to ensure national economic interests.The upper Douro valley region (from Barca d'Alva in Portugal to Barqueiros on the Spanish frontier) produces a variety of wines; only 40 percent of its wines are port wine, whereas 60 percent are table wines. Port wine's alcohol content varies usually between 19 and 22 percent, and, depending on the type, the wine is aged in wooden casks from two to six years and then bottled. Related to port wine's history is the history of Portuguese cork. Beginning in the 17th century, Portuguese cork, which comes from cork trees, began to be used to seal wine bottles to prevent wine from spoiling. This innovation in Portugal helped lead to the development of the cork industry. By the early 20th century, Portugal was the world's largest exporter of cork. -
14 volume
volume ['vɒlju:m]∎ to increase in volume augmenter de volume;∎ the volume of traffic has greatly increased le volume de la circulation a beaucoup augmenté;∎ a huge volume of work une énorme quantité de travail;∎ the volume of business/imports le volume des affaires/des importations;∎ this shampoo gives the hair more volume ce shampoing donne du volume aux cheveux(b) (acoustics) volume m;∎ to turn the volume up/down augmenter/baisser le volume;∎ Radio at full volume à fond, à plein volume∎ volume one volume m ou tome m premier, premier volume m;∎ an encyclopedia in twenty volumes une encyclopédie en vingt volumes;∎ the third volume of his memoirs le troisième tome ou volume de ses mémoires;∎ a rare volume un exemplaire ou un livre rare;∎ figurative to speak volumes (about) (of action, remark etc) en dire long (sur), être révélateur (de)►► Radio & Television volume control bouton m de réglage du volume;Marketing volume mailing multipostage m, publipostage m groupé -
15 Inoue Masaru
[br]b. 1 August 1843 Hagi, Choshu, Japand. 2 August 1910 London, England[br]Japanese "Father of Japanese Railways".[br]In the early 1860s, most travel in Japan was still by foot and the Japanese were forbidden by their government to travel abroad. Inoue was one of a small group of students who left Japan illegally in 1863 for London. There he studied English, mathematics and science, and afterwards mineralogy and railways. Inoue returned to Japan in 1868, when the new Meiji Government reopened the country to the outside world after some 200 years of isolation. Part of its policy, despite opposition, was to build railways; at Inoue's suggestion, the gauge of 3 ft 6 in. (1.07 m) was adopted. Initially capital, engineers, skilled labour and materials ranging from locomotives to pencils and stationery were all imported from Britain; Edmund Morel was the first Chief Engineer. In 1871 Inoue was appointed Director of the Government Railway Bureau and he became the driving force behind railway development in Japan for more than two decades. The first line, from Tokyo to Yokohama, was opened in 1872, to be followed by others, some of them at first isolated. The number of foreigners employed, most of them British, peaked at 120 in 1877 and then rapidly declined as the Japanese learned to take over their tasks. In 1878, at Inoue's instance, construction of a line entirely by Japanese commenced for the first time, with British engineers as consultants only. It was ten years before Japanese Railways' total route was 70 miles (113 km) long; over the next ten years, this increased to 1,000 miles (1,600 km) and the system continued to grow rapidly. During 1892–3, a locomotive was built in Japan for the first time, under the guidance of Locomotive Superintendent R.F.Trevithick, grandson of the pioneer Richard Trevithick: it was a compound 2–4–2 tank engine, with many parts imported from Britain. Locomotive building in Japan then blossomed so rapidly that imports were discontinued, with rare exceptions, from 1911. Meanwhile Inoue had retired in 1893; he was on a visit to England at the time of his death.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsViscount 1887.Bibliography1909, "Japanese communications: railroads", in Count Shigenobu Okuma (ed.), Fifty Years of New Japan (English version ed. M.B.Huish), Smith, Elder, Ch. 18.Further ReadingT.Richards and K.C.Rudd, 1991 Japanese Railways in the Meiji Period 1868–1912, Uxbridge: Brunel University (one of the few readily available accounts in English of the origins of Japanese Railways).PJGR
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